Trade, finance, development
WTO law, IMF surveillance, development cooperation, investment, industrial policy, and economic globalization.
China's economic-order materials combine strong support for multilateral economic institutions with resistance to unilateral pressure and demands for development-sensitive reform of global governance.
中华人民共和国加入世界贸易组织议定书
The legal instrument by which China acceded to the WTO.
Foundational for studying China's integration into the trade law system and subsequent disputes.
WTO, 'Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China' WT/L/432 (10 November 2001).
中国与世界贸易组织
White paper defending China's record in WTO accession and implementation.
Key source for China's self-presentation as a WTO participant and reform stakeholder.
State Council Information Office, 'China and the World Trade Organization' (28 June 2018).
WTO dispute settlement page for a China-related trade dispute or comparator dispute in China's trade-law practice.
Useful for mapping China's use of rules-based economic dispute settlement over time.
WTO, 'DS413: dispute settlement case page'.
IMF surveillance materials on China's macroeconomic policy and integration into the global financial system.
Useful for tracing how international financial institutions assess China's role in economic governance.
International Monetary Fund, 'People's Republic of China: Article IV Consultation materials' (2024).
新时代的中国国际发展合作
White paper on China's development cooperation principles and practices.
Links BRI, South-South cooperation, and development governance.
State Council Information Office, 'China's International Development Cooperation in the New Era' (10 January 2021).
China enters the multilateral trade law system.
China articulates a comprehensive peaceful development narrative.
BRI begins as a major ordering project.
The initiative receives a formal policy architecture.
China-backed development finance institution enters the legal landscape.
China presents itself as a defender of globalization.
42 items
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2026
Traces China's outbound data transfer regime through security assessment, standard contracts, certification, and free-trade-zone negative lists, emphasizing legal certainty and interoperability challenges.
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2026
Assesses how public participation, transparency, sustainable development, and amicus mechanisms in the EU-China CAI could affect legitimacy in investment governance.
Yiyi Chen Zikang Chen and Na Yang - The US as 'Leader' and China as 'Collaborator' - International Affairs - 2026
Article comparing AI technology transfer models and digital sovereignty choices in the Global South.
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2026
Analyzes U.S. state-level measures responding to China-related security concerns and the constitutional boundary between state power and federal foreign affairs authority.
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2026
Examines the People's Bank of China's lender-of-last-resort role, legal authority, information asymmetries, moral hazard, and reforms for financial stability.
Tsinghua China Law Review / 2025
Uses Chinese property law to analyze the state as gatekeeper, enabler, coordinator, and regulator within private-law institutions.
Tsinghua China Law Review / 2025
Compares EU and Chinese approaches to platform competition, personal data protection, extraterritorial influence, and digital sovereignty.
Tsinghua China Law Review / 2025
Proposes a multi-tiered SCO investment dispute mechanism combining consultation, mediation, quasi-judicial procedures, and enforcement coordination.
Tsinghua China Law Review / 2025
Uses a utility-function model and tax case data to explain when Chinese courts defer and when they apply stricter scrutiny in tax disputes.
Chinese Journal of Comparative Law / 2025
Examines public and private international law pathways for embedding decent-work norms and labour governance within BRI structures.
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2025
Reviews Chinese aviation labour disputes and argues for standalone aviation labour law to address gaps between safety regulation and workers' rights.
Matthew D Stephen - Beyond Multilateralism - The Pacific Review - 2025
Article on informal transnational policy forums as Chinese order-building tools.
Viking Bohman Audrye Wong and Victor A Ferguson - The Old Logic Behind China's New Economic Weapons - The Washington Quarterly - 2025
Article on formal and informal sanctions tools in current Chinese economic coercion.
Asia Pacific Law Review / 2025
Positions investment facilitation within China's investment treaty practice and argues that China is likely to pursue a plurilateral WTO-linked pathway.
Eugenia C Heldt Henning Schmidtke and Omar Serrano Oswald - Multilateralism a la carte - Review of International Political Economy - 2025
Article proposing a framework for China's selective engagement with global economic institutions.
Kristen Hopewell - Challenging the status quo-revisionist power dichotomy - Review of International Political Economy - 2025
Article arguing that WTO conflicts show the limits of the status-quo versus revisionist dichotomy for US-China order debates.
Chinese Journal of International Law / 2025
Compares China, the EU, and Kazakhstan on AI-related personal data protection and identifies normative turbulence in digital rights regulation.
Victor A Ferguson - Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is Not - Journal of Global Security Studies - 2025
Comparative article on formal and informal sanctions implementation.
Tsinghua China Law Review / 2025
Examines how directors of state-invested companies may owe duties to both company and state under China's revised Company Law.
University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review / 2025
Reads China's rare-earth export controls as legalized strategic statecraft under Xi-era law-based governance rather than ad hoc retaliation.
University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review / 2025
Compares U.S. and Chinese foreign relations law as frameworks for contributing to international legal order and shared global goals.
University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review / 2025
Maps China's use of economic legal tools to coerce or weaken adversaries and considers possible future finance-based or Global South-oriented tactics.
Chinese Journal of Comparative Law / 2025
Reassesses Chinese veil-piercing practice under the new Company Law and explains why judicial trends differ from other corporate law settings.
Huikang Huang - China's Diplomacy and International Law - Springer - 2024
Book-length statement of Chinese diplomatic and legal thinking.
Miriam Driessen and Ruiyi Zhu - Chinese standards from the ground up - China Information - 2024
Article on China's rise as a global standards power.
Ming Du - International Investment Law and the Rule of Law - Washington International Law Journal - 2024
Article on international investment law and China's domestic rule of law.
Chinese Journal of Comparative Law / 2024
Compares Anglo-American and Chinese approaches to intangible property and crypto assets through legal pragmatism.
Chinese Journal of Comparative Law / 2024
Uses Evergrande to examine Chinese corporate law and the relationship between private enterprises, state influence, and economic governance.
University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review / 2024
Examines Chinese Civil Code rules on liquidated damages, adjustment mechanisms, delayed performance, and concurrent contractual damages.
Chinese Journal of Comparative Law / 2024
Uses long-video and short-video copyright disputes to analyze China’s evolving copyright limitations in the AI era.
University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review / 2023
Argues that China’s IP system has shifted toward legislative holism across creation, implementation, management, services, and protection of IP rights.
Michael Dunford and Weidong Liu - China's evolving international economic engagement - Area Development and Policy - 2024
Article on China's trade investment finance and development engagement in multipolar order.
Ruonan Liu and Songpo Yang - China and the Liberal International Order - International Affairs - 2023
Article on China's pragmatic and dynamic approach to the liberal international order.
Chenxi Wang - Special Economic Zones - Journal of World Trade - 2022
Article on special economic zones and China's international economic integration.
Jessica Chen Weiss and Jeremy L Wallace - Domestic Politics, China's Rise, and the Future of the Liberal International Order - International Organization - 2021
Article on domestic variables shaping China's selective engagement with liberal order.
Heng Wang - Selective Reshaping - Journal of International Economic Law - 2020
International economic law article on China's selective institutional reshaping.
Clara Weinhardt and Tobias Ten Brink - Varieties of contestation - Review of International Political Economy - 2019
Political economy article on varieties of Chinese trade-order contestation.
Roberts Moraes and Ferguson - Toward a Geoeconomic Order - Journal of International Economic Law - 2019
Article on the move from neoliberal economic order toward geoeconomic ordering.
Alastair Iain Johnston - China in a World of Orders - International Security - 2019
Core article reframing China's compliance and challenge across multiple orders.
Gregory Shaffer and Henry Gao, 'China's Rise: How It Took on the U.S. at the WTO' (2018).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.
Andreas F Lowenfeld, 'International Economic Law' (2008).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.
Julia Ya Qin, 'WTO-Plus Obligations and Their Implications for the WTO Legal System' (2003).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.
9 items
Arindrajit Basu - China's Pivot on Global AI - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - 2026
Recent analysis of China's AI diplomacy and global governance agenda.
Scott Singer Karson Elmgren and Oliver Guest - How Some of China's Top AI Thinkers Built Their Own AI Safety Institute - Carnegie Endowment - 2025
Report on the emergence of China's AI Safety and Development Association and its role in global AI governance.
Chatham House - China: Balancing the US and increasing global influence - 2025
Report chapter on China's global initiatives and alternative order claims.
Peter Engelke and Samantha Wong - Toward a coherent framework for US-China tech competition in the Global South - Atlantic Council - 2024
Strategic memo on technology competition and China's alternative vision in the Global South.
Carnegie Endowment - Reimagining Global Economic Governance - 2024
Report on reforming global economic governance amid US-China rivalry.
Paul Gewirtz - China and the United States and the future of a rules-based international order - Brookings Institution - 2024
Policy analysis on US-China disagreement over rules-based international order.
MERICS - China's guerrilla strategy in a fragmenting global economy - 2024
Report on China's economic strategy under fragmentation and security competition.
Niva Yau - A Global South with Chinese Characteristics - Atlantic Council - 2024
Report on Chinese training programs and governance-model promotion in the Global South.
AidData - Belt and Road Reboot - 2023
Report on shifts in Chinese overseas development finance.