China, International Law, and International Order

This topic introduces the conceptual vocabulary through which China explains its place in international law and world order. It follows ideas such as sovereign equality, multilateralism, democratization of international relations, a community of shared future, development-first governance, and opposition to hegemony.

This topic examines sovereignty as the central organizing concept in China's approach to international law. It covers territorial integrity, non-intervention, representation, human rights scrutiny, cyber sovereignty, national security, and the relationship between domestic constitutional order and external legal claims.

This topic brings Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan into one research frame while preserving the legal differences among them. It covers the Basic Laws, treaty transition, autonomy, national security, reunification policy, Taiwan white papers, and the international implications of one country, two systems.

This topic studies China's approach to the UN Charter rules on force, collective security, consent, self-defence, intervention, peacekeeping, and peaceful settlement. It places formal doctrine alongside actual practice, including Security Council voting, peacekeeping contributions, anti-piracy deployments, and security initiatives.

This topic covers China's interaction with the institutions and rules of the global economy, including the WTO, IMF, development finance, investment law, industrial policy, debt, supply chains, export controls, and economic globalization. It treats China as both a user of existing rules and a force pressing for institutional change.

This topic focuses on sanctions, counter-sanctions, blocking rules, export controls, long-arm jurisdiction, unreliable entity mechanisms, and economic coercion. It connects China's international law objections to unilateral sanctions with the domestic legal instruments used to resist or retaliate against foreign measures.

This topic treats the Belt and Road Initiative as a legal and institutional phenomenon, not only as an infrastructure programme. It covers policy documents, development finance, standards, debt, environmental and social governance, connectivity agreements, dispute settlement, and the idea of a community of shared future.

This topic maps China's use of, resistance to, and redesign of international dispute settlement. It includes WTO litigation, ICJ advisory proceedings, arbitration, maritime disputes, mediation, commercial courts, foreign state immunity, enforcement, and the International Organization for Mediation.