Security and restraint
UN Charter law, peacekeeping, intervention, self-defence, non-use of force, and strategic stability.
China's approach to force is built around Charter formalism, Security Council authority, sovereign consent, and suspicion of humanitarian intervention, while its practice has expanded through peacekeeping, anti-piracy operations, and regional security diplomacy.
Foundational treaty for sovereignty, non-use of force, and collective security.
Baseline text for comparing China's doctrine with the post-1945 legal order.
UN Charter (signed 26 June 1945, entered into force 24 October 1945).
全球安全倡议概念文件
Concept paper elaborating China's Global Security Initiative.
Frames security governance through indivisible security, sovereignty, and opposition to bloc confrontation.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'The Global Security Initiative Concept Paper' (21 February 2023).
Important practice showing evolution from suspicion of intervention to active peacekeeping participation.
Important practice showing evolution from suspicion of intervention to active peacekeeping participation.
United Nations Peacekeeping, 'China joins UN peacekeeping operations' (1988-09-01).
Shows overseas security practice framed around UN-authorized anti-piracy cooperation.
Shows overseas security practice framed around UN-authorized anti-piracy cooperation.
Ministry of National Defense, 'China deploys naval escort task force to the Gulf of Aden' (2008-12-26).
Important practice for assessing sovereignty language, use of force, and non-alignment.
Important practice for assessing sovereignty language, use of force, and non-alignment.
United Nations Digital Library, 'China's votes and explanations on Ukraine-related UN resolutions' (2022-03-02).
Postwar legal order baseline for force, sovereignty, and collective security.
Domestic legislation links Taiwan policy, sovereignty, and possible force.
China articulates a comprehensive peaceful development narrative.
Taiwan policy is restated in the new era vocabulary.
China offers a branded security governance framework.
Christine Gray, 'International Law and the Use of Force' (2018).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.Olivier Corten, 'The Law Against War' (2021).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.Samuel S Kim, 'China, the United Nations and World Order' (1979).
Launch bibliography item for scholarly review and expansion.